{"id":314,"date":"2019-10-13T18:00:09","date_gmt":"2019-10-13T18:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datablog.roman-halliday.com\/?p=314"},"modified":"2019-10-17T06:26:39","modified_gmt":"2019-10-17T06:26:39","slug":"getting-left-right-in-hive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datablog.roman-halliday.com\/index.php\/2019\/10\/13\/getting-left-right-in-hive\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting LEFT &#038; RIGHT in hive"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Hive doesn&#8217;t have the functions <code>LEFT()<\/code> and <code>RIGHT()<\/code> as used in other RDBMS\/SQL platforms. Here I demonstrate using hive functions for parsing text values which can emulate LEFT and RIGHT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After my longer <a href=\"https:\/\/datablog.roman-halliday.com\/index.php\/2019\/10\/12\/how-to-get-started-with-big-data-hadoop-hortonworks-cloudera\/\">Getting Started<\/a> article, this is a short one covering a common challenge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two ways to extract part of a string:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Getting a substring, using: <code>SUBSTR<\/code><\/li><li>Extracting part of a string using a Regular Expression: <code>REGEXP_EXTRACT<\/code><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: The examples in this article work, but the use of a CTE for sample values performs much slower than using an existing dataset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Substring<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The SUBSTR command has a simple syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">SUBSTR(&lt;string_value&gt;, &lt;start_location&gt; INT, &lt;length&gt; INT)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using SUBSTR for LEFT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is our easiest scenario as the start position is always known (1) and the length is the number of characters we would like to return. In the below example I&#8217;m pulling back the first 4 characters:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"sql\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"7\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">WITH sample_data AS (\nSELECT CAST('abc123xyz987' AS VARCHAR(50)) AS sample_string UNION ALL\nSELECT CAST('AAABBB'       AS VARCHAR(50)) AS sample_string UNION ALL\nSELECT CAST('ZZZ'          AS VARCHAR(50)) AS sample_string\n)\nSELECT sample_string,\n       SUBSTR(sample_string, 1, 4) AS sample_string_left_4\n  FROM sample_data\n;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: if the original string is fewer than the desired number of characters, this will return the short string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using SUBSTR for RIGHT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For the RIGHT we have two options, the first is to use a negative position (which is applied backwards). This is very similar to the LEFT above. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"sql\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"7\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">WITH sample_data AS (\nSELECT CAST('abc123xyz987' AS VARCHAR(50)) AS sample_string UNION ALL\nSELECT CAST('AAABBB'       AS VARCHAR(50)) AS sample_string UNION ALL\nSELECT CAST('ZZZ'          AS VARCHAR(50)) AS sample_string\n)\nSELECT sample_string,\n       SUBSTR(sample_string, -4, 4)                AS substr_right_4\n  FROM sample_data\n;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: If the original string length is fewer than the desired number of characters in the output, the function will return NULL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Regular Expressions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>the <code>REGEXP_EXTRACT <\/code>command allows us to extract values based on a regular expression. This can be handy for other extraction methods (for example filtering for numbers etc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The syntax is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>REGEXP_EXTRACT(&lt;string_value>, &lt;regular_expression>, &lt;group> [optional])<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>string_value: The source string<\/li><li>regular_expression: The regex used to identify the value to return<\/li><li>group: optional argument, to identify which result to return (default 0)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"sql\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"1,3\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">SELECT REGEXP_EXTRACT('abc123XYZ789', '^.{4}', 0) AS left_4;\n\nSELECT REGEXP_EXTRACT('abc123XYZ789', '.{4}$', 0) AS right_4;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above examples, the number in curly brackets is the number of characters to return, I use a dot &#8216;.&#8217; to mark any character (I&#8217;m not going into the details of regular expressions today). In the first example, I use the symbol &#8216;^&#8217; to identify &#8220;the start of the string&#8221; and in the second I use &#8220;$&#8221; to identify the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: the above examples will return NULL if the string value is fewer than 4 characters in length. To return shorter strings, the values in the curly brackets needs to be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>{&lt;minimum_length>,&lt;maximum_length>}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>To get shorter strings returned, the expression can be run as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"sql\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"1,3\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">SELECT REGEXP_EXTRACT('A', '^.{1,4}', 0) AS left_4_or_fewer;\n\nSELECT REGEXP_EXTRACT('A', '.{1,4}$', 0) AS right_4_or_fewer;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Review<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The regular expressions allow for more control with regards to shorter strings. But probably have higher computational overhead (I&#8217;ve not been able to test reliably).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"sql\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">WITH sample_data AS (\nSELECT CAST('abc123xyz987' AS VARCHAR(50)) AS sample_string UNION ALL\nSELECT CAST('AAABBB'       AS VARCHAR(50)) AS sample_string UNION ALL\nSELECT CAST('ZZZ'          AS VARCHAR(50)) AS sample_string UNION ALL\nSELECT CAST('N'            AS VARCHAR(50)) AS sample_string\n)\nSELECT sample_string,\n       SUBSTR(sample_string, 1, 4)                 AS substr_left_4,    -- Allows for short strings\n       SUBSTR(sample_string, -4, 4)                AS substr_right_4,   -- Doesn't allow for short strings\n       REGEXP_EXTRACT(sample_string, '^.{4}'  , 0) AS regex_left_4_A,   -- Doesn't allow for short strings\n       REGEXP_EXTRACT(sample_string, '^.{1,4}', 0) AS regex_left_4_B,   -- Allows for short strings\n       REGEXP_EXTRACT(sample_string, '.{4}$'  , 0) AS regex_right_4_A,  -- Doesn't allow for short strings\n       REGEXP_EXTRACT(sample_string, '.{1,4}$', 0) AS regex_right_4_B   -- Allows for short strings\n  FROM sample_data\n;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>I have transposed the results below so they display better on the page for demonstrative purposes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"wp-block-table\"><tbody><tr><td> <strong>sample_string<\/strong> <\/td><td> abc123xyz987 <\/td><td> AAABBB <\/td><td>ZZZ <\/td><td>N<\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <strong>substr_left_4<\/strong> <\/td><td> abc1 <\/td><td> AAAB <\/td><td>ZZZ<\/td><td>N<\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <strong>substr_right_4<\/strong> <\/td><td> z987 <\/td><td> ABBB <\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <strong>regex_left_4_a<\/strong> <\/td><td> abc1 <\/td><td> AAAB <\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <strong>regex_left_4_b<\/strong> <\/td><td> abc1 <\/td><td> AAAB <\/td><td>ZZZ<\/td><td>N<\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <strong>regex_right_4_a<\/strong> <\/td><td> z987 <\/td><td> ABBB <\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <strong>regex_right_4_b<\/strong> <\/td><td> z987 <\/td><td> ABBB<\/td><td>ZZZ<\/td><td>N<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hive doesn&#8217;t have the functions LEFT() and RIGHT() as used in other RDBMS\/SQL platforms. Here I demonstrate using hive functions for parsing text values which can emulate LEFT and RIGHT.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,27],"tags":[30,25],"class_list":["post-314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-big-data","category-hive","tag-hive","tag-regex"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Getting LEFT &amp; RIGHT in hive - Rows Across The Lake<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datablog.roman-halliday.com\/index.php\/2019\/10\/13\/getting-left-right-in-hive\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Getting LEFT &amp; RIGHT in hive - Rows Across The Lake\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hive doesn&#039;t have the functions LEFT() and RIGHT() as used in other RDBMS\/SQL platforms. 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